Unit Conversion Tool

Select a converter category from the navigation menu above or select a button below to start converting to your desired units. Thus far we have 27 unit conversion calculators available...Keep checking back for more additions.

Length

Nanometer (nm): One-billionth of a meter, commonly used in nanotechnology and semiconductor manufacturing.
Micrometer (um): One-millionth of a meter, commonly used in biology and materials science.
Millimeter (mm): One-thousandth of a meter, commonly used in precision engineering and manufacturing.
Centimeter (cm): One-hundredth of a meter, commonly used in everyday measurements.
Meter (m): Introduced during the French Revolution (1790s) to replace body-based units. Initially defined as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole along the Paris meridian. Later refined with increasing precision: 1889 - Platinum-iridium meter bar kept in Paris; 1960 - Redefined using light wavelengths; 1983 - The distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 seconds.
Kilometer (km): 1,000 meters, commonly used for measuring distances between geographical locations.
Inch (in): One-twelfth of a foot, commonly used in the United States for measuring shorter lengths. Derived from the width of a man's thumb. Early English law defined it as three barleycorns laid end to end.
Foot (ft): One foot is equal to 12 inches. It is commonly used in the United States for measuring longer lengths. Originated as the length of an average human foot. Different cultures had slightly different 'feet' (e.g., Roman foot ≈ 29.6 cm, English foot ≈ 30.5 cm).
Yard (yd): One yard is equal to 3 feet or 36 inches. It is commonly used in the United States and the United Kingdom for measuring longer lengths. The yard possibly originated from the length of a belt or a stride. It was standardized in England in the 12th century by King Henry I, who declared it the distance from his nose to his thumb.
Mile (mi): 1,609.34 meters, commonly used in the United States and United Kingdom for measuring distances.
Nautical Mile (nmi): 1,852 meters. Based on the circumference of the Earth, defined as one minute of latitude. Used in maritime and air navigation.
Astronomical Unit (au): The average distance from the Earth to the Sun, approximately 93 million miles or 150 million kilometers.
Light Year (ly): The distance light travels in one year, approximately 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion kilometers.

Length Converter

Area

Square Millimeter (mm2): One square millimeter, used for very small area measurements in precision engineering.
Square Centimeter (cm2): One square centimeter, commonly used for small area measurements in everyday contexts.
Square Meter (m2): The SI base unit for area, defined as the area of a square with sides of one meter.
Square Kilometer (km2): One million square meters, used for measuring large geographical areas like cities or countries.
Square Inch (in2): One square inch, commonly used in the US for small area measurements.
Square Foot (ft2): One square foot, commonly used in the US for room sizes and real estate.
Square Yard (yd2): One square yard, equal to 9 square feet, used for fabric and carpeting measurements.
Acre (ac): Originally the area a yoke of oxen could plow in one day. Standardized as 43,560 square feet.
Hectare (ha): Hectare, 10,000 square meters. Introduced during the French Revolution as part of the metric system.

Area Converter

Temperature

Celsius (°C): Developed by Anders Celsius in 1742. Originally inverted (0° = boiling, 100° = freezing), later reversed.
Fahrenheit (°F): Created by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1724. Based on brine freezing point (0°F) and human body temperature.
Kelvin (K): Named after Lord Kelvin. Absolute temperature scale starting at absolute zero (-273.15°C).
Rankine (R): Rankine scale, absolute temperature scale using Fahrenheit degrees. Named after William Rankine (1820-1872).

Temperature Converter

Volume

Cubic Millimeter (mm³): One cubic millimeter, used for very small volume measurements in precision applications.
Cubic Centimeter (cm³): One cubic centimeter, equivalent to one milliliter. Commonly used in medicine and science.
Milliliter (ml): One milliliter, equal to one cubic centimeter. Widely used for liquid measurements.
Liter (L): The liter was introduced in France in 1795. Originally defined as the volume of one kilogram of water.
Cubic Meter (m³): The SI base unit for volume, defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one meter.
Cubic Inch (in³): One cubic inch, commonly used in the US for engine displacement and small volume measurements.
Cubic Foot (ft³): One cubic foot, commonly used in the US for measuring room volumes and gas consumption.
Cubic Yard (yd³): Used for concrete, soil, and bulk material measurements. One cubic yard, equal to 27 cubic feet.
US Fluid Ounce (fl oz (US)): US fluid ounce is 29.5735 mL. Used for small liquid volumes. Fluid ounce varies by country: US (29.57 ml) vs Imperial (28.41 ml).
Imperial Fluid Ounce (fl oz (Imperial)): Imperial fluid ounce is 28.413 mL.
US Cup (cup (US)): A US cup equals 236.6 ml. Standardized for cooking measurements in the early 20th century.
Imperial Cup (cup (Imperial)): An Imperial cup is 284.13 ml.
Metric Cup (cup (Metric)): A Metric cup is 250 ml.
US Tablespoon (tbsp (US)): A US tablespoon is 14.8 mL.
Imperial Tablespoon (tbsp (Imperial)): An Imperial tablespoon is 14.2 mL.
Metric Tablespoon (tbsp (Metric)): A Metric tablespoon is 15 mL.
US Teaspoon (tsp (US)): A US teaspoon is 4.9289 mL.
Imperial Teaspoon (tsp (Imperial)): An Imperial teaspoon is 5.9194 mL.
Metric Teaspoon (tsp (Metric)): A Metric teaspoon is 5 mL.
US Pint (pt (US)): Historical brewing measurement. US liquid pint (473 ml).
Imperial Pint (pt (Imperial)): Historical brewing measurement. Imperial pint (568 ml).
Metric Pint (pt (Metric)): Historical brewing measurement. A 'metric pint' is not a standard unit but is a term sometimes used to describe a 500 mL measure, which is often considered a close, round-number equivalent to a traditional pint in countries that use the metric system.
US Quart (qt (US)): Quart means 'quarter gallon'. US quart (946 ml).
Imperial Quart (qt (Imperial)): Quart means 'quarter gallon'. Imperial quart (1136 ml).
US Gallon (gal (US)): Historical wine volume measurement. Gallon varies significantly: US gallon (3.79 L) vs Imperial gallon (4.55 L). There is no Metric gallon.
Imperial Gallon (gal (Imperial)): Historical wine volume measurement. Gallon varies significantly: US gallon (3.79 L) vs Imperial gallon (4.55 L). There is no Metric gallon.

Volume Converter

Weight

Milligram (mg): One milligram, commonly used in medicine for drug dosages and precision measurements.
Gram (g): The gram was defined in 1795 as the mass of one cubic centimeter of water at 4°C.
Carat (ct): The carat represents the weight of a gemstone, where 1 carat is 200 milligrams.
Kilogram (kg): The kilogram is the SI base unit of mass. Originally defined by a platinum-iridium cylinder in Paris.
Ounce (oz): Ounce derives from Roman 'uncia' (twelfth part). Avoirdupois ounce standardized in 1959.
Pound (lb): Pound comes from Latin 'libra pondo' (pound weight). Standardized as exactly 453.592 grams in 1959.
Stone (st): Historical British unit, still used in UK for body weight measurements. A Stone equals 14 pounds.
Metric Tonne (t (Metric)): A metric ton is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms, or about 2,204.6 pounds. Also known as a 'tonne', it is the standard unit for mass in the metric system and is used worldwide in science, engineering, and international commerce to distinguish it from the imperial (long) ton and the US (short) ton.
Imperial Ton (t (Imperial)): An Imperial ton, also known as a long ton or British ton, is a unit of mass equal to 2,240 pounds or approximately 1,016 kilograms.
US Ton (t (US)): A US ton, also known as a short ton, is a unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds (approximately 907.18 kilograms).

Weight Converter

Time

Microsecond (us): One microsecond, used in high-speed electronics and precision timing applications.
Millisecond (ms): One millisecond, commonly used in computing and reaction time measurements.
Second (s): The second is the SI base unit of time. Originally 1/86400 of a day, now defined by atomic transitions.
Minute (min): Minute comes from Latin 'pars minuta prima' (first small part). 60 seconds since ancient Babylon.
Hour (h): Hour derives from Greek 'hora'. 24-hour day system established by ancient Egyptians.
Day (d): Day based on Earth's rotation. Solar day varies slightly; mean solar day used for timekeeping.
Week (wk): Week of seven days has ancient origins, possibly from lunar phases or biblical creation story.
Month (mo): Month from Latin 'mensis' (moon). Calendar months vary from 28-31 days. Month time calculations are based on an average of 30.4167 days per month (365 days per year divided by 12).
Year (yr): Year based on Earth's orbit around the Sun. Gregorian calendar year averages 365.2425 days.

Time Converter

Pressure

Pascal (Pa): Named after Blaise Pascal. The SI unit of pressure, defined as one newton per square meter.
Kilopascal (kPa): One thousand pascals, commonly used for tire pressure and weather measurements.
Megapascal (MPa): One million pascals, used for high-pressure applications like hydraulics and materials testing.
Bar (bar): Approximately atmospheric pressure. Introduced in 1909, widely used in meteorology and engineering.
Atmosphere (atm): Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. Defined as 101,325 pascals in 1954.
Pounds per Square Inch (psi): Pounds per square inch, commonly used in the US for tire pressure and industrial applications.
Millimeter of Mercury (mmHg): Millimeters of mercury, traditional unit for blood pressure and vacuum measurements.
Inch of Mercury (inHg): Inches of mercury, used in weather reporting and aviation in the United States.
Torr (Torr): Torr equals 1/760 atmosphere. Named after Evangelista Torricelli, inventor of the barometer. A torr is not exactly the same as a millimeter of mercury, but they are so close that they are often used interchangeably. The value of 1 torr is approximately 1.000002763 mmHg

Pressure Converter

Energy

Joule (J): Named after James Prescott Joule. The SI unit of energy, defined as one newton-meter.
Kilojoule (kJ): One thousand joules, commonly used for food energy content and small-scale energy measurements.
Megajoule (MJ): One million joules, used for larger energy quantities like fuel content and industrial processes.
Calorie (cal): Small calorie, energy to heat 1g of water by 1°C. Defined by Nicolas Clément in 1824.
Kilocalorie (kcal): Large calorie or food calorie. Energy to heat 1kg of water by 1°C. Used in nutrition labeling.
Watt Hour (Wh): Watt-hour represents energy consumed by 1-watt device in 1 hour. Common in electrical applications.
Kilowatt Hour (kWh): Kilowatt-hour, standard unit for electrical energy billing. Energy used by 1kW device in 1 hour.
British Thermal Unit (BTU): British Thermal Unit, energy to heat 1 pound of water by 1°F. Used in HVAC and energy industries.
US Ther (thm): US therm is a unit energy equal to 100,000 BTU. It is frequently used in the United States for energy billing, particularly for natural gas.
Electron Volt (eV): Electron volt, energy gained by electron moving through 1-volt potential. Used in atomic physics.
Foot-Pound Force (ft·lbf): Foot-pound force, mechanical work unit. Force of 1 pound applied over 1 foot distance.

Energy Converter

Power

Microwatt (μW): Microwatt, used for very low power devices like sensors and microelectronics.
Milliwatt (mW): Milliwatt, commonly used for small electronic devices and laser power ratings.
Watt (W): Named after James Watt. The SI unit of power, defined as one joule per second.
Kilowatt (kW): Kilowatt, commonly used for household appliances and small motors (1 kW = 1.34 hp).
Megawatt (MW): Megawatt, used for large power plants and industrial facilities (1 MW = 1000 kW).
Gigawatt (GW): Gigawatt, used for very large power plants and national power generation capacity.
Horsepower (hp): Horsepower, defined by James Watt as the power of a draft horse. Still used for engines.
BTU per Hour (BTU/h): BTU per hour, commonly used in HVAC for heating and cooling capacity ratings.
Calorie per Second (cal/s): Calorie per second, is sometimes used in thermodynamics and heat transfer calculations.
Kilocalorie per Hour (kcal/h): Kilocalorie per hour, is used in some European heating and metabolic rate applications.

Power Converter

Force

Newton (N): Named after Isaac Newton. The SI unit of force, defined as the force needed to accelerate 1kg at 1m/s².
Kilonewton (kN): One thousand newtons, used for structural engineering and large force measurements.
Dyne (dyn): Dyne from Greek 'dynamis' (power). CGS unit of force, equal to 10⁻⁵ newtons.
Pound Force (lbf): Pound-force, the force exerted by one pound of mass under standard gravity (9.80665 m/s²).
Kilopound Force (kipf): A unit of force or weight equal to 1,000 pounds (approximately 453.6 kg).
Kilogram Force (kgf): Kilogram-force, the force exerted by one kilogram under standard gravity. Used in engineering.
Poundal (pdl): A unit of force in the absolute foot-pound-second system, defined as the force required to accelerate a mass of one pound at a rate of one foot per second squared. It is not a standard SI unit and is equal to approximately 0.1382 N.
Ounce Force (ozf): Ounce-force, one-sixteenth of a pound-force. Used for small force measurements.

Force Converter

Speed

Meter per Second (m/s): Meter per second, the SI unit of speed. Fundamental unit for velocity measurements.
Kilometer per Hour (km/h): Kilometers per hour, commonly used for vehicle speeds and weather wind measurements.
Mile per Hour (mph): Miles per hour, standard speed unit in the United States for vehicles and wind.
Foot per Second (ft/s): Feet per second, used in ballistics, fluid dynamics, and some engineering applications.
Knot (kn): Knot equals one nautical mile per hour. Used in maritime and aviation for navigation.
Speed of Light (c): Speed of light in vacuum, fundamental physical constant. Exactly 299,792,458 meters per second.

Speed Converter

Angle

Degree (°): Degree from Latin 'gradus' (step). 360° in a circle from ancient Babylonian base-60 system.
Radian (rad): A radian is a unit of angle measurement, defined as the angle created at the center of a circle by an arc whose length is equal to the circle's radius. It's an alternative to degrees, where 360 degrees is equivalent to 2pi radians.
Milliradian (mrad): A milliradian is a unit of angular measurement, defined as one-thousandth of a radian. It is used in fields like shooting and ballistics for measuring angles to estimate distance and make adjustments. A key feature of a milliradian is its simple relationship: at a distance of 1,000 meters, one milliradian corresponds to 1 meter (or at 1,000 yards, it's 1 yard)
Gradian (grad): Gradian or gon, 400 gradians in a circle. Developed during French Revolution for decimal system.
Turn (turn): One complete rotation or revolution. Also called 'cycle' in some contexts.
Arcminute ('): Arcminute, 1/60 of a degree. Used in astronomy and navigation for precise angular measurements.
Arcsecond ("): Arcsecond, 1/3600 of a degree. Used in astronomy and precision angular measurements.

Angle Converter

Frequency

Millihertz (mHz): One millihertz, used for very slow oscillations like geological or astronomical phenomena.
Hertz (Hz): Named after Heinrich Hertz. The SI unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second.
Kilohertz (kHz): One thousand hertz, commonly used for audio frequencies and radio communications.
Megahertz (MHz): One million hertz, used for FM radio, TV broadcasts, and computer processors.
Gigahertz (GHz): One billion hertz, used for microwave communications, WiFi, and modern CPU speeds.
Terahertz (THz): One trillion hertz, used for infrared radiation and advanced optical communications.
Revolutions per Minute (rpm): Revolutions per minute, commonly used for engine speeds and rotating machinery.
Revolutions per Second (rps): Revolutions per second, used in high-speed machinery and scientific applications.
Angular Frequency (rad/s): Angular frequency (ω), also known as radial or circular frequency, measures angular displacement per unit time. Its units are therefore radians (or degrees) per second.
Wavelength (m): Wavelength is the distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave. This calculator assumes the wave is traveling at the speed of light.

Frequency Converter

Torque

Newton Meter (N⋅m): Newton-meter, the SI unit of torque. Measures rotational force applied at a distance.
Kilonewton Meter (kN⋅m): Kilonewton-meter, used for large machinery and industrial applications requiring high torque.
Dyne Centimeter (dyn⋅cm): Dyne-centimeter, CGS unit of torque used in small-scale physics and engineering.
Pound-Force Foot (lbf⋅ft): Pound-force foot, commonly used in automotive and mechanical engineering in the US.
Pound-Force Inch (lbf⋅in): Pound-force inch, used for smaller torque measurements like fasteners and precision tools.
Ounce-Force Inch (ozf⋅in): Ounce-force inch, small torque unit used in precision instruments and small mechanisms.
Kilogram-Force Meter (kgf⋅m): A non-SI unit of torque, representing the rotational force generated by one kilogram-force (kgf) applied at a distance of one meter from a pivot point. One kgf·m is equivalent to approximately 9.807 newton-meters (N·m), the standard SI unit of torque.

Torque Converter

Acceleration

Meter per Second Squared (m/s²): Meter per second squared, the SI unit of acceleration. Measures rate of velocity change.
Kilometer per Second Squared (km/s²): 1000 meters per second squared.
Kilometer per Hour Squared (km/h²): Kilometer per hour squared, sometimes used in automotive contexts for acceleration rates.
Foot per Second Squared (ft/s²): Foot per second squared, used in imperial system engineering and physics applications.
Inches per Second Squared (in/s²): Inch per second squared, used for small acceleration measurements in precision engineering.
Standard Gravity (g): Standard gravity acceleration (9.80665 m/s²). Used in aerospace and high-acceleration contexts.
Galileo (Gal): Named after Galileo Galilei. CGS unit equal to 1 cm/s², used in geophysics and seismology.
milligal (mGal): One thousandth of 1 Gal.
microgal (μGal): One millionth of 1 Gal.

Acceleration Converter

Density

Kilogram per Cubic Meter (kg/m³): Kilogram per cubic meter, the SI unit of density. Measures mass per unit volume.
Gram per Cubic Meter (g/m³):
Gram per Liter (g/L):
Killogram per Liter (kg/L):
Gram per Cubic Centimeter (g/cm³): Gram per cubic centimeter, commonly used in materials science. Numerically equal to g/mL.
Gram per Milliliter (g/mL): Gram per milliliter, widely used in chemistry and medicine for liquid densities.
Pound per Cubic Foot (lb/ft³): Pound per cubic foot, used in construction and materials engineering in the US.
Pound per Cubic Inch (lb/in³): Pound per cubic inch, used for very dense materials and precision engineering.
Ounce per Cubic Inch (oz/in³): Ounce per cubic inch, used for moderately dense materials in imperial system.
Slug per Cubic Foot (slug/ft³): Slug per cubic foot, used in fluid mechanics and aerospace engineering calculations.

Density Converter

Viscosity

Pascal Second (Pa⋅s): Pascal-second, the SI unit of dynamic viscosity. Measures fluid's resistance to flow.
Millipascal Second (mPa⋅s): Millipascal-second, commonly used for low-viscosity fluids like water and oils.
Poise (P): Poise, named after Jean Poiseuille. CGS unit of dynamic viscosity, equal to 0.1 Pa⋅s.
Millipoise (mP): Millipoise.
Centipoise (cP): Centipoise, one-hundredth of a poise. Widely used in industry for fluid viscosity.
Stokes (St): Stokes, named after George Stokes. CGS unit of kinematic viscosity (dynamic/density).
Centistokes (cSt): Centistokes, one-hundredth of a stokes. Common unit for lubricating oil viscosity.
Pound-Force Second per Square Inch (lbf⋅s/in²): Pound-Force Second per Square Inch
Pound-Force Second per Square Foot (lbf⋅s/ft²): Pound-force second per square foot, imperial unit used in some engineering applications.

Viscosity Converter

Voltage

Nanovolt (nV): Nanovolt, used in sensitive electronic measurements and low-noise applications.
Microvolt (μV): Microvolt, used in biomedical electronics and precision measurement instruments.
Millivolt (mV): Millivolt, commonly used in electronics, sensors, and battery measurements.
Volt (V): Named after Alessandro Volta. The SI unit of electric potential difference.
Kilovolt (kV): A Kilovolt eqauls 1000 Volts. It is used in power transmission, X-ray equipment, and high-voltage applications.
Megavolt (MV): A Megavolt equals 1000 Kilovolts. It is used in particle accelerators and very high-voltage power systems.
Gigavolt (GV): A Gigavolt equals 1000 Megavolts.

Voltage Converter

Current

Picoampere (pA): Picoampere, used in semiconductor physics and single-electron measurements.
Nanoampere (nA): Nanoampere, used in electrochemistry and ultra-low current measurements.
Microampere (μA): Microampere, used in electronic circuits and biomedical applications.
Milliampere (mA): Milliampere, commonly used in electronics and small electrical devices.
Ampere (A): Named after André-Marie Ampère. The SI base unit of electric current.
Kiloampere (kA): Kiloampere, used in industrial applications and high-power electrical systems.
Megaampere (MA): A Megaampere equals 1000 Kiloamperes.
Gigaampere (GA): A Gigaampere equals 1000 Megaamperes.

Current Converter

Resistance

Microohm (μΩ): Microohm, used for measuring very low resistances in conductors and contacts.
Milliohm (mΩ): Milliohm, used for measuring low resistances in power electronics and cables.
Ohm (Ω): Named after Georg Ohm. The SI unit of electrical resistance.
Kiloohm (kΩ): Kiloohm, commonly used in electronic circuits and resistor values.
Megaohm (MΩ): Megohm, used for high-resistance measurements and insulation testing.
Gigaohm (GΩ): Gigohm, used for very high resistance measurements in specialized applications.
Statohm (statΩ): The statohm (statΩ) is the unit of electrical resistance in the electrostatic system of units which was part of the CGS system of units based upon the centimetre, gram and second. The static units in that system are related to the corresponding electromagnetic units by a factor of the speed of light.

Resistance Converter

Capacitance

Picofarad (pF): Picofarad, used in high-frequency circuits and small capacitor measurements.
Nanofarad (nF): Nanofarad, commonly used in electronic circuits and timing applications.
Microfarad (μF): Microfarad, widely used in power supplies, motors, and electronic circuits.
Millifarad (mF): Millifarad, used in supercapacitors and energy storage applications.
Centifarad (cF): Centifarad, one hundredth of a Farad
Farad (F): Named after Michael Faraday. The SI unit of electrical capacitance.
Coulomb/Volt (C/V): A derived unit of electrical capacitance; it is equivalent to the Farad (F). It represents the ability of a system to store electrical charge, defined as the ratio of the electric charge stored on an object to the electric potential difference across it.
Abfarad (EMU of Capacitance) (abF): The EMU of capacitance refers to the unit of capacitance within the CGS (centimeter-gram-second) Electromagnetic Unit system. This unit is called the abfarad (abF).

Capacitance Converter

Data-Size

Bit (b): Bit, the fundamental unit of information. Coined by Claude Shannon in 1948, short for 'binary digit'.
Nibble (nibble): A nibble is a unit of data that consists of four bits, which is exactly half of a standard 8-bit byte.
Byte (B): Byte, typically 8 bits. Term coined by Werner Buchholz at IBM in 1956.
Block (Block): A data block is a unit of data, a sequence of bits or bytes transferred as a whole, used for efficient storage and retrieval. In computing, this can refer to the smallest storage unit in a database, a set of data for a report, or a security measure to prevent data transfer.
Kilobit (kb): A unit of computer memory or data equal to 1,024 (2^10) bits.
Kilobyte (kB): Kilobyte, 1000 bytes in decimal system. Used by storage manufacturers and in SI standard.
Kibibyte (kiB): Kibibyte, 1024 bytes in binary system. IEC standard introduced in 1998 to avoid confusion.
Megabit (Mb): A unit of data size equal to one 1,048,576 (2^20)) bits.
Megabyte (MB): Megabyte, 1,000,000 bytes in decimal system. Commonly used for file sizes and storage.
Mebibyte (MiB): Mebibyte, 1,048,576 bytes in binary system. More accurate for computer memory measurements.
Gigabit (Gb): A unit of data size equal to 1,073,741,824 (2^30) bits.
Gigabyte (GB): Gigabyte, 1 billion bytes in decimal system. Standard for hard drive and storage capacity.
Gibibyte (GiB): Gibibyte, 1,073,741,824 bytes in binary system. Used in operating systems and RAM specifications.
Terabit (Tb): A terabit is 1 trillion bits.
Terabyte (TB): Terabyte, 1 trillion bytes in decimal system. Used for large storage devices and data centers.
Tebibyte (TiB): Tebibyte, 1,099,511,627,776 (2^40) bytes in binary system. Precise measurement for large memory systems.

Data-Size Converter

Magnetic-Field

Nanotesla (nT): Nanotesla, used for measuring Earth's magnetic field (~25,000-65,000 nT) and geomagnetic surveys.
Microtesla (μT): Microtesla, used in biomagnetism (brain: ~0.1 μT, heart: ~50 μT) and weak magnetic field measurements.
Millitesla (mT): Millitesla, common in medical MRI (1.5T = 1500 mT) and moderate magnetic field applications.
Tesla (T): Tesla, named after Nikola Tesla (1856-1943). Strong permanent magnets: 0.1-1.4 T, MRI machines: 1.5-7 T.
MilliGauss (mG): Milligauss, 1/1000th of a Gauss.
Gauss (G): Gauss, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855). Traditional unit still used in industry (1 T = 10,000 G).
Kilogauss (kG): Kilogauss, used for permanent magnet specifications. Neodymium magnets typically rated 10-14 kG.
Oersted (Oe): Oersted, named after Hans Christian Ørsted (1777-1851). Measures magnetic field strength in CGS system.
Weber/square meter (Wb/m²): A Weber per square meter is the SI unit for magnetic flux density, which is also known as one Tesla. It represents the strength of a magnetic field, or how much magnetic flux passes through a unit of area.

Magnetic-Field Converter

Flow-Rate

Cubic Millimeter per Second (mm³/s): Cubic millimeter per second, used for micro-fluidics and precision dosing applications.
Cubic Centimeter per Second (cm³/s): Cubic centimeter per second, common in laboratory and small-scale fluid measurements.
Liter per Second (L/s): Liter per second, standard for water flow measurements in plumbing and irrigation systems.
Liter per Minute (L/min): Liter per minute, widely used in medical equipment, pumps, and automotive fuel systems.
Liter per Hour (L/h): Liter per hour, used for slow flow applications like IV drips and chemical dosing.
Cubic Meter per Second (m³/s): Cubic meter per second, SI base unit for large-scale flow measurements like rivers and industrial processes.
Cubic Meter per Minute (m³/min): Cubic meter per minute, common in industrial ventilation and large pump specifications.
Cubic Meter per Hour (m³/h): Cubic meter per hour, standard in European HVAC and industrial process specifications.
Cubic Inch per Second (in³/s): Cubic inch per second, used in small-scale mechanical and hydraulic applications.
Cubic Foot per Second (ft³/s): Cubic foot per second, standard for river flow, large pipe flow, and environmental measurements.
Cubic Foot per Minute (CFM) (ft³/min): Cubic foot per minute (CFM), the standard unit for HVAC airflow and ventilation systems.
Cubic Foot per Hour (ft³/h): Cubic foot per hour, used for low-flow gas applications and leak rate measurements.
US Gallon per Second (gal(US)/s): US Gallon per second, used for high-flow water applications like fire suppression systems.
US Gallon per Minute (GPM) (gal(US)/min): US Gallon per minute (GPM), standard US unit for pump ratings and plumbing flow rates.
US Gallon per Hour (gal(US)/h): US Gallon per hour, used for low-flow applications like fuel consumption and chemical dosing.
US Gallon per Day (gal(US)/d): US Gallon per day, used in the U.S. for low-flow applications such water filtration, irrigation, and dosing systems, Gallons per Day (GPD) is a unit of volume flow measuring the total volume of fluid moved or processed in a 24-hour period.
UK Gallon per Second (gal(UK)/s): UK Gallon per second, 1.2 times larger than US Gallon/s.
UK Gallon per Minute (GPM) (gal(UK)/min): UK Gallon per minute (GPM), 1.2 times larger than US Gallon/min.
UK Gallon per Hour (gal(UK)/h): UK Gallon per hour, 1.2 times larger than US Gallon/h.
UK Gallon per Day (gal(UK)/d): UK Gallon per day, 1.2 times larger than US Gallon/d.
Barrel per Day (bbl/day): Barrel per day, standard unit in petroleum industry for oil production and refinery throughput.
Barrel per Hour (bbl/h): Barrel per hour, used for intermediate-scale petroleum processing and pipeline flow.

Flow-Rate Converter

Thermal-Conductivity

Microwatt per Meter-Kelvin (μW/m·K): Microwatt per meter-kelvin, used for very low conductivity materials like aerogels and vacuum insulation.
Milliwatt per Meter-Kelvin (mW/m·K): Milliwatt per meter-kelvin, common for insulation materials (foam: 20-40 mW/m·K).
Watt per Meter-Kelvin (W/m·K): Watt per meter-kelvin, SI unit for thermal conductivity. Water: 0.6, steel: 50, copper: 400 W/m·K.
Kilowatt per Meter-Kelvin (kW/m·K): Kilowatt per meter-kelvin, used for extremely high conductivity materials like diamond (2000 W/m·K).
Watt per Centimeter-Celsius (W/cm·°C): Watt per centimeter-celsius, convenient for high-conductivity materials and thin films.
BTU per Hour-Foot-Fahrenheit (BTU/hr·ft·°F): BTU per hour-foot-fahrenheit, traditional imperial unit used in US thermal engineering.
BTU-Inch per Hour-Square Foot-Fahrenheit (BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F): BTU-inch per hour-square foot-fahrenheit, used for insulation R-value calculations.
Calorie per Second-Centimeter-Celsius (cal/s·cm·°C): Calorie per second-centimeter-celsius, CGS unit still used in some scientific applications.
Kilocalorie per Hour-Meter-Celsius (kcal/h·m·°C): Kilocalorie per hour-meter-celsius, used in European building and HVAC standards.

Thermal-Conductivity Converter

Concentration

Mole per Cubic Meter (mol/m³): Mole per cubic meter, SI base unit for amount-of-substance concentration.
Mole per Liter (Molarity) (mol/L): Mole per liter, standard molarity unit in chemistry. Equivalent to mol/dm³.
Millimole per Liter (mmol/L): Millimole per liter, common in clinical chemistry (blood glucose: 3.9-5.5 mmol/L).
Micromole per Liter (μmol/L): Micromole per liter, used for trace concentrations in biochemistry and environmental analysis.
Nanomole per Liter (nmol/L): Nanomole per liter, used for hormone levels and ultra-trace analysis.
Kilomole per Cubic Meter (kmol/m³): Kilomole per cubic meter, used in industrial chemical process calculations.
Mole per Cubic Decimeter (mol/dm³): Mole per cubic decimeter, equivalent to mol/L, used in some European standards.
Molar (M): Molar, shorthand for mol/L, universally used in laboratory chemistry.
Millimolar (mM): Millimolar, shorthand for mmol/L, common in biochemistry and cell biology.
Micromolar (μM): Micromolar, shorthand for μmol/L, used in pharmacology and enzyme kinetics.
Nanomolar (nM): Nanomolar, shorthand for nmol/L, used for very potent drugs and biological signaling molecules.

Concentration Converter

Natural-Gas-Energy

British Thermal Unit (Btu): British Thermal Unit, the amount of energy needed to heat one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. Standard unit for measuring natural gas energy content.
Million British Thermal Units (MMBtu): Million British Thermal Units, commonly used in natural gas trading and industrial applications. Equal to 1 Dth (decatherm).
US Therm (Therm): One therm equals 100,000 Btu. Commonly used for residential natural gas billing in the United States.
Decatherm (Dth): Decatherm equals 10 therms or 1 million Btu (1 MMBtu). Standard unit for wholesale natural gas trading.
Cubic Foot (cf): Cubic foot of natural gas at standard conditions. Contains approximately 1,038 Btu based on 2023 US average heat content.
Hundred Cubic Feet (Ccf): Hundred cubic feet of natural gas. Commonly used unit for residential natural gas billing, equal to 103,800 Btu.
Thousand Cubic Feet (Mcf): Thousand cubic feet of natural gas. Used in commercial and industrial natural gas measurements, equal to 1.038 MMBtu.
Billion Cubic Feet (Bcf): Billion cubic feet of natural gas. Used for large-scale natural gas production, storage, and pipeline capacity measurements.
Watt Hour (Wh): A watt-hour (Wh) is a unit of energy that measures the total amount of power used over a period of time.
Kilowatt Hour (kWh): Kilowatt hour, electrical energy unit. Natural gas power plants convert gas energy to electrical energy with typical efficiency of 35-60%.
Megawatt Hour (MWh): Megawatt hour, equal to 1,000 kWh. Used for larger electrical energy measurements in power generation and industrial applications.
Gigawatt Hour (GWh): Gigawatt hour, equal to 1 million kWh. Used for utility-scale power generation and regional energy consumption measurements.
Terawatt Hour (TWh): Terawatt hour, equal to 1 billion kWh. Used for national energy statistics and very large-scale energy measurements.
Joule (J): A joule (J) is the SI unit of energy, defined as the amount of work done when a force of one newton moves an object one meter. It's a small amount of energy, but in everyday terms, it's comparable to the energy needed to lift a small apple about one meter off the ground.
Kilojoule (kJ): A kilojoule is 1000 Joules.
Gram Calorie (gCal): A gram calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius, at standard atmospheric pressure.
Electron Volt (eV): One electron volt is the energy gained by an electron moving through a one-volt potential difference.

Natural-Gas-Energy Converter